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Welcome to Fight Cancer Global's informational Blog series. Our aim is to empower individuals with knowledge and resources to combat cancer. Today's topic will explore how targeted therapies work in breast cancer treatment, offering valuable insights and actionable steps to aid you and your family in the fight against cancer.

How do targeted therapies work in breast cancer treatment?

Targeted therapies work by specifically targeting molecules, proteins, or pathways involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells. This allows for more precise treatment with fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy.

One common target in breast cancer treatment is the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein. HER2-positive breast cancers have an overexpression of this protein, which can promote tumor growth. Drugs like trastuzumab and pertuzumab are designed to block HER2 and slow down or stop tumor growth.

Another targeted therapy approach involves blocking the effects of hormones, such as estrogen, that can promote the growth of hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. Drugs like tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, and fulvestrant work by blocking estrogen receptors or reducing estrogen production in the body.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, such as palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib, target proteins involved in cell division. By inhibiting these proteins, the drugs can slow down or stop the growth of cancer cells.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, like olaparib and talazoparib, are targeted therapies for patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. These drugs work by preventing cancer cells from repairing their DNA, leading to cell death.

Some targeted therapies, like atezolizumab, work by enhancing the immune system's ability to recognize and destroy cancer cells. These drugs block proteins that normally help cancer cells evade immune detection, allowing the immune system to better target the cancer.

In summary, targeted therapies for breast cancer work by specifically targeting molecules, proteins, or pathways involved in cancer growth and survival. This approach allows for more precise treatment with fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy. Some common targeted therapies include HER2 inhibitors, hormone therapies, CDK4/6 inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

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